نامه سرگشاده جمعی از حقوقدانان ایرانی به دبیرکل سازمان بین المللی کار
ما حقوقدانان امضاء کننده این نامه، خواهان آزادی فوری کارگران و اعضای تشکل‌های مستقل کارگری و فعالین حقوق کارگران در ایران هستیم. ما معتقدیم که بازداشت آنها بوسیله حکومت ایران، ناقض قوانین داخلی ایران و قوانین بین المللی است که ایران به آن پیوسته است.
۱۵ خرداد ۱۳۹۸
دبیرکل سازمان بین‌‌المللی کار، آقای گای رایدر
احتراما ما حقوقدانان امضاء کننده این نامه، خواهان آزادی فوری کارگران و اعضای تشکل‌های مستقل کارگری و فعالین حقوق کارگران در ایران هستیم. ما معتقدیم که بازداشت آنها بوسیله حکومت ایران، ناقض قوانین داخلی ایران و قوانین بین المللی است که ایران به آن پیوسته است.
نظر به اینکه اصل(۳۵) قانون اساسی ایران مقرر داشته است: « در همه دادگاه ها طرفین دعوا حق دارند برای خود وکیل تعیین نمایند و اگر توانایی انتخاب وکیل رانداشته باشند باید برای آنها امکانات تعیین وکیل فراهم آید.».؛
نظر به اینکه به موجب مواد ۱۰ (بند ۱) و ۱۱ (بند ۲) اعلامیه جهانی حقوق بشر«هر انسانی سزاوار و محق به دسترسی کامل و برابر در دادرسی آشکار و شفاف توسط دادگاهی بی‌‌طرف و مستقل است.؛
نظر به اینکه به موجب ماده (۱۴) میثاق بین‌‌المللی حقوق مدنی و سیاسی تضمین حق دفاع متهمین از وظایف دولت است و مفاد این قانون از تاریخ تصویب آن در ایران(۱۷ اردیبهشت۱۳۵۴) لازم الاجرا است.؛
نظر به اینکه به استناد بند (۳) از ماده واحده احترام به آزادی‌‌های مشروع و حقوق شهروندی مصوب (۱۵،۲،۱۳۸۳): « محاکم و دادسراها مکلفند حق دفاعمتهمان و مشتکی عنهم را رعایت نموده و فرصت استفاده از وکیل و کارشناس را فراهم آورند.».؛
نظر به اینکه در قوانین گوناگون جمهوری اسلامی ایران تصریح شده است که« دادگاه بدون حضور وکیلِ متهم تشکیل نمی شود...» و باید « حق دسترسی به وکیل وسایر حقوق دفاعی تضمین و به مورد اجرا گذارده شود. در غیر این صورت سلب این حقوق موجب بیاعتباری...» رسیدگی است. رجوع شود به مواد (۵ و ۱۹۰ و ۳۴۸ آئین دادرسی کیفری مصوب (۴،۱۲٫۱۳۹۲).؛
درحالی که دادگاه ها و دادسراها مکلفند برای متهمان امکان وکیل و کارشناس فراهم کنند، هم‌اکنون نمایندگان معلمین، کارگران، فعالان صنفی و سندیکایی بدنبال بازداشت‌های خودسرانه و خشونت های عوامل حکومت، به بهانه‌های گوناگون و به ویژه بدون رعایت و تضمینِ حق دفاع یا محکوم شده و یا در زندان های جمهوری اسلامی در انتظار محکومیت هستند. آنها در تلاش برای برگزاری گردهمآئی‌های صنفی و سازمان دادن اعتصابات بدون توسل به خشونت بوده اند؛
نظر به اینکه کنفدراسیون بین المللی اتحادیه های کارگری(ITUC) در گزارش ۶ آوریل ۲۰۱۹ خود، ایران را از خشنترین ناقضان قوانین و کنوانسیون های جهانی خوانده است.؛
نظر به اینکه کنفدراسیون اتحادیه های کارگری اروپا نیزدر ۲۱ می ۲۰۱۹، خواستار آزادی فوری و حمایت اتحادیه‌های کارگری شده و در بند 1 بیانیه قویا نسبت به سرکوب و خشونت علیه کارگران و مردم ایران اعتراض کرده است.؛
ما امضاء کنندگان این نامه، با توجه به تمامی مواردتخلفات جدی حکومت ایران از قوانین داخلی و بین المللی و توافقنامه های بین المللی، بااحترام از برگزار کنندگان کنفرانس خواستار موارد زیر هستیم:
- محکومیت عملکرد جمهوری اسلامی ایران
- محکومیت حکومت ایران در عدم پایبندی به توافقنامه‌های بین المللی و قوانین داخلی خود در قبال دستمزدبگیران و درخواست آزادی فوری و بدون قید وشرط تمامی قربانیان این بازداشت‌های خودسرانه
- فرستادن نماینده های سازمان بین المللی کار به ایران جهت بازدید از متهمان و دیدن شرایط موجود آنها ودرخواست داوری عادلانه برای آنها.
ما امیدواریم که توجه کنفرانس به مشکلات عدیده بازداشت شدگان که در موارد فوق به آنها اشاره شد، در روشن شدن وضعیت قربانیان و خواست آزادی وبازنگری حقوقی آنان مدد رساند.
بااحترام
کارگروه داد (دادبان دستمزد بگیران ایران)
- محمد علینژاد، قاضی سابق دادگستری
- دکتر نیره انصاری، حقوقدان سوئد
- آزاده عرفانی، وکیل دادگستری، واشنگتن آمریکا
- بهنام دارائی زاده، عضو کانون وکلای کانادا
- احمدعلی عرفانی، وکیل دادگستری و عضو سابق کانون وکلای مرکز، واشنگتن - آمریکا
- منیژه حبشی، وکیل دادگستری و عضو سابق کانون وکلای مرکز، واشنگتن - آمریکا
- مهرانگیز کار، وکیل دادگستری و پژوهشگر حقوق بشر، واشنگتن - آمریکا
- ناصر کاخساز، قاضی سابق دادگستری ایران، آلمان
- نقی محمودی، عضو کانون وکلای ایران، آلمان
- دکتر رضا مریدی، عضو سابق پارلمان اونتاریو، وزیرسابق تحقیقات، نوآوری و علوم و وزیر سابقآموزش عالی، کانادا
- محمد مصطفائی، وکیل دادگستری و عضو کانونوکلای مرکز، نروژ
- سارا رفیعی، وکیل دادگستری، استرالیا
- محمدرضا روحانی، وکیل دادگستری و عضو سابق کانون وکلای مرکز، فرانسه
- عبدالحمید وحیدی، وکیل دادگستری و عضو سابق کانون وکلای مرکز
- حسین احمدی نیاز، وکیل دادگستری، هلند
GUY RYDER, Director General
International Labour Organization
International Labor Office
Route des Morillons,4 CH- 2
Geneva Switzerland
June 5 , 2019
Dear Director General Ryder,
We the undersigned legal professionals hereby respectfully request immediate relief for Iranian workers, members of independent Trade Unions, and labor activists. We believe the actions of the Iranian Government in violating work’s rights are in contravention of the following domestic and international laws:
- Article 35 of the Constitution of The Islamic Republic of Iran stipulates that "In all courts the parties involved in a legal dispute have the right to legal assistance of their choosing and must be provided an attorney in cases where they do not have access to their own attorney’.
- Articles 10[1] and 11[2] of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, to which Iran is a signatory, entitles everyone to full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal,
- Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights adopted by Iran in May 1976 and since then in force[3], guaranteeing defendants’ right to legal counsel;
- Section 3 of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s “Single Law” dated 2 Oredibehesht 1358 (22 April 1979) stipulates the freedoms and rights of the citizenry accused of committing crimes to be given ample time for obtaining legal counsel
- Other legally binding provisions of the Islamic Republic laws provide that no court may be established without the presence of a defense lawyer and that failure to comply with this provision will render all proceedings before this or any court void.
Whilst courts and prosecutors are required to ensure the respect of the rights of the defense,including the assistance of a lawyer and other forms of expertise, in reality representatives of teachers and workers, trade union representatives continue to be persecuted under various pretexts, languish in prison awaiting arraignment, and are prosecuted in violation of the laws in force in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Labour activists who have attempted to organize unions or strikes have been met with harsh reprisals by the state, including arbitrary arrests and violence. The Iranian Government continues to imprison or unjustly detain trade unionists for their peaceful activism and efforts to organize workers.
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) Report of April 6 2019 refers to Iran as one of the most egregious violators of labor laws and conventions[4]
Further, the European Trade Union Confederation’s 21 May 2019 Emergency Motion on Freedom and Protection for Iranian Trade Unionists, Paragraph 1 strongly condemned the repression of May 1, 2019 of demonstrating workers and violence against people in Iran.
We consider these numerous egregious violations of domestic and international law and international agreements, and respectfully request:
-Condemnation of the actions of the Islamic Republic of Iran;
-Demanding the Islamic Republic of Iran to obey and uphold international agreements and the domestic law of the land governing the accused labour rights activists, releasing unconditionally those detained arbitrarily;
-Request that the International Labour Organization dispatch immediately representative(s) who may visit the accused labour rights activists and pursue justice for them;
We hope that the Conference will shed light on the plight of the abovementioned accused labour rights activists and imprisoned individuals, and to adjudicate the restoration of their rights and freedoms.
Respectfully yours,
Team Work ( DAAD )
Mohammad Alinejad, Former Iranian Judge
Dr. Nayereh Ansari, Attorney and Law, Sweden
Azadeh Erfani- Attorney,Washington DC
Behnam Daraeizadeh, Member of the Iranian Bar Association, Canada
Ahmad Ali Erfani, Attorney, Former Member of the Iranian Bar Association, Washington DC
Manijeh Habashi, Attorney, Former Member of the Iranian Bar Association, Washington, DC
Mehrangiz Kar , Iranian Attorney and Human Rights Author, Washington, DC
Nasser Kakhsaz, Former Iranian Judge , Germany
Naghi Mahmoudi, Member of the Iranian Bar Association, Germany
Dr. Reza Moridi, former Member of the Ontario Parliament, former Minister of Research, Innovation and Science and former Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities, Canada
Mohamad Mostafaie, Attorney, Former Member of the Iranian Bar Association, Norway
Sara Rafiee, Attorney, Australia
Mohammad Reza Rohani, Attorney, Former Member of the Iranian Bar Association, France
Abdul Hamid Vahidi, Attorney, Former Member of the Iranian Bar Association
Hossein Ahmadi Niaz , Former Iranian Attorney, Netherlands
[1] Article 10.
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
[2] Article 11. (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
[3]Article 14
- All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The press and the public may be excluded from all or part of a trial for reasons of morals, public order (ordre public) or national security in a democratic society, or when the interest of the private lives of the parties so requires, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice; but any judgement rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where the interest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship of children.
- Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law.
- In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality: (a) To be informed promptly and in detail in a language which he understands of the nature and cause of the charge against him;
(b) To have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence and to communicate with counsel of his own choosing;
(c) To be tried without undue delay;
(d) To be tried in his presence, and to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing; to be informed, if he does not have legal assistance, of this right; and to have legal assistance assigned to him, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by him in any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for it;
(e) To examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;
(f) To have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court;
(g) Not to be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt.
- In the case of juvenile persons, the procedure shall be such as will take account of their age and the desirability of promoting their rehabilitation.
- Everyone convicted of a crime shall have the right to his conviction and sentence being reviewed by a higher tribunal according to law.
- When a person has by a final decision been convicted of a criminal offence and when subsequently his conviction has been reversed or he has been pardoned on the ground that a new or newly discovered fact shows conclusively that there has been a miscarriage of justice, the person who has suffered punishment as a result of such conviction shall be compensated according to law, unless it is proved that the non-disclosure of the unknown fact in time is wholly or partly attributable to him.
- No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again for an offence for which he has already been finally convicted or acquitted in accordance with the law and penal procedure of each country.
[4]Ref : ITUC ILO Complaint ( Iran)
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